AT1R antibodies in KT
| Study | No. of recipients | Time of detection | Cutoff | Key finding |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dragun et al. (2005) [8] | 33 With rejection | Post-KT | NA (bioassay) | 16 Patients with malignant hypertension and rejection had AT1R Ab(＋)DSA(−) AT1R Ab(＋)DSA(−) patients had rapid allograft loss than AT1R Ab(−)DSA(＋) patients. |
| Reinsmoen et al. (2010) [9] | 63 With no DSA or MICA-DSA | Pre & post-KT | 17 Units | Six of 7 AMR patients had AT1R Ab(＋) at post-KT. |
| Giral et al. (2013) [10] | 599 | Pre-KT | 10 U | Pre-KT AT1R Ab was associated with acute rejection and increased graft failure after 3 years post-KT. |
| Taniguchi et al. (2013) [11] | 351: 134 With rejection, 217 control | Pre & post-KT | 15 U/mL | De novo AT1R Ab was associated with graft failure. |
| Banasik et al. (2014) [29] | 117 | Pre & post-KT | 9 U/mL | Pre-KT AT1R Ab was risk factor for graft failure. Patients with AT1R Ab showed more severe Banff grade. |
| Fuss et al. (2015) [31] | 11 With C4d negative antibody mediated rejection without DSA | Pre & post-KT | 10 U/mL | All patients had pre-KT or post-KT AT1R Ab (＋). All patients responded to anti-rejection therapy, which included plasma exchange and angiotensin receptor blocker therapy. |
| Lee et al. (2015) [30] | 53 With rejection | Post-KT | 10 U/mL | AT1R Ab was associated with HLA class-I DSA. Presence of both AT1R Ab(＋) and DSA(＋) was associated with AMR. |
| Lee et al. (2015) [36] | 75 With AMR | Pre & post-KT | 15 U/mL | Nine patients were pre-KT AT1R Ab(＋) and 10 patients were AT1R Ab(＋) at the time of biopsy. |
| Cuevas et al. (2016) [34] | 141 | Pre-KT | 10, 17, 30 U | Higher (>30 U) pre-KT AT1R Ab were risk factor for earlier development of de novo DSA. |
| Deltombe et al. (2017) [35] | 940 | Pre-KT | 10, 17 U/mL | Did not confirm of association between pre-KT AT1R Ab with transplant outcome. |
| Lee et al. (2017) [12] | 166 | Pre-KT | 9.05 U/mL | Pre-KT AT1R Ab was risk factor for acute rejection, especially acute cellular rejection. |
| Lim et al. (2017) [37] | 27 With rejection and no DSA | Pre-KT | 17 U/mL | Patients with AT1R Ab(＋) had more AMR and microcirculation inflammation. |
| Philogene et al. (2017) [27] | 70 | Post-KT | 10, 17 U/mL | AT1R Ab levels were higher in patients with AMR than no rejection. Microcirculation inflammation was higher in patients with higher (>17) AT1R Ab. |
| Pinelli et al. (2017) [38] | 142 | Pre & post-KT | 17 U/mL | No statistical association was found. |
| Fichtner et al. (2018) [28] | 62 (Pediatric) | Post-KT | 9.5 U/mL | AT1R Ab was associated with AMR and adverse graft outcome. |
| Gareau et al. (2018) [33] | 101 | Pre & post-KT | 17 U/mL | Pre-KT AT1R Ab were more likely to develop de novo DSA and associated with early T cell mediated rejection. |
| Min et al. (2018) [14] | 359 | Pre-KT | 10 U/mL | Microvascular inflammation was associated with pre-KT AT1R Ab. |
| Pre-KT AT1R Ab was an independent risk factor for allograft failure. | ||||
| Pearl et al. (2018) [13] | 65 (Pediatric) | Pre & post-KT | 17 U/mL | Demonstrated association between AT1R Ab and allograft loss, decline in renal function and vascular inflammation. |
| Philogene et al. (2018) [32] | 170 | Pre-KT | 17 U/mL | Patients with pre-KT AT1R Ab had increased post-KT serum creatinine levels and developed abnormal biopsy findings. |
AT1R, angiotensin II type 1 receptor; KT, kidney transplantation; NA, not available; Ab, antibody; DSA: donor-specific human leukocyte antigen antibody; MICA, major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related gene A; AMR, antibody-mediated rejection; HLA, human leukocyte antigen.