Fig. 2. Immunosuppressive drugs and their sites of action that inhibit the activation of T cells. Some of the sites are linked to signals 1, 2, and 3. Rectangles with red lines, biological drugs; rectangles with blue lines, pharmacological drugs. APC, antigen-presenting cell; IL, interleukin; MHC, major histocompatibility complex; TCR, T cell receptor; JAK, Janus kinase; STAT, signal transducer and activator of transcription; PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase; PIP2, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate; PIP3, inositol trisphosphate; Akt, protein kinase B; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; Itk, inducible T cell kinase; Zap70, zeta-chain-associated protein kinase 70; ITAM, immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif; LAT, linker for activated T cell; PLC, phospholipase C; DAG, diacylglycerol; PKC, protein kinase C; MPA, mycophenolic acid; NFAT, nuclear factor of activated T cells; NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa B.
