Table. 1.

The roles of Th17 and IL-17 in allograft rejection

Study Type of allograft Subject Findings
Wang et al. (2022) [23] Kidney Rats • IL-17 levels increased in kidney grafts
Chung et al. (2015) [24] Kidney Humans • Th17 cell and IL-17 levels increased in peripheral blood and serum, respectively
• IL-17 increased the expression of profibrotic genes, including ACTA-2 and CTGF in the renal tubular cell line HPRTEpiC, which underwent chronic allograft injury
Crispim et al. (2009) [25] Kidney Humans • IL-17 levels increased in serum
Haouami et al. (2018) [26] Kidney Humans • IL-17 and IL-23 levels increased in plasma
Deteix et al. (2010) [54] Kidney Humans • Th17 cell levels increased in kidney grafts
Negi et al. (2024) [40] Kidney Humans • Allogeneic stimulation of PBMCs from highly sensitized patients with donor APCs showed higher percentages of CD4+ T cells expressing IL-17A than nonsensitized patients
Xie et al. (2010) [28] Liver Rats • Th17 cell levels increased in the liver and peripheral blood
• IL-17 levels in liver homogenate and serum increased
Assadiasl et al. (2022) [29] Liver Humans • Th17 cell levels increased in peripheral blood
• Th17 cell frequency was negatively associated with liver allograft functions
Fan et al. (2012) [30] Liver Humans • Th17 cell levels increased in peripheral blood.
• Th17 cell frequency was negatively correlated with the rejection activity index
Afshari et al. (2014) [31] Liver Humans • IL-17 levels increased in serum
Fábrega et al. (2009) [32] Liver Humans • IL-17 and IL-23 levels increased in serum
Wang et al. (2019) [55] Liver Humans • Th17 cell levels increased in peripheral blood
Antonysamy et al. (1999) [15] Heart Mice • Prolonged nonvascularized or vascularized cardiac allograft survival and inhibition of T cell proliferation were observed after treatment of recombinant mIL-17R: Fc fusion protein to inhibit IL-17 action
• Phenotypic differentiation of DC progenitors after treatment of recombinant IL-17 to bone marrow-derived cells
Min et al. (2009) [33] Heart Mice • Th17 cell frequencies increased among splenocytes
• IL-17 levels increased in serum
Wang et al. (2011) [34] Heart Humans • Th17 cell levels increased in peripheral blood
Itoh et al. (2010) [41] Heart Mice • Weaker chronic rejection was observed after transplant to IL-17 deficient recipient mice
• γ: δ T cells was as a main source of IL-17 after transplant to wild-type recipient mice
Zhang et al. (2021) [43] Heart Mice • Weaker acute rejection, and decrease in Th17 cell infiltration and IL-17 expression in myocardial tissue were observed after treatment of JAK2/STAT3 signaling inhibitor AG490
Yuan et al. (2008) [44] Heart Mice • Infiltration of Th17 cells into allografts was promoted after transplant to T-bet-deficient recipient mice
• Neutralization of IL-17 with anti-IL17 weakened allograft rejection
Chen et al. (2016) [38] Lungs Mice • Increase in IL-17 levels in lung graft
• Weaker acute rejection was observed after neutralization of IL-17A with anti-IL-17A
Vanaudenaerde et al. (2006) [39] Lungs Humans • Increase in IL-17 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage
Watanabe et al. (2023) [42] Lungs Mice • Weaker acute rejection was observed after transplant to donor mice deficient in IL-17A receptor and administration of LPS
Chen et al. (2009) [35] Cornea Mice • Increase in Th17 cell levels in cervical draining lymph nodes
Yang et al. (2013) [36] Intestine Rats • Increase in Th17 cell levels in intestine grafts
Zheng et al. (2014) [37] Skin Rats • Increase in Th17 cell percentages among splenocytes
• Increase in IL-17 in serum
Agorogiannis et al. (2012) [9] Skin Mice • Infusion of recipient mice with Marilyn-derived “long-term” Th17 cells caused dense infiltration of neutrophils in skin grafts

Th17, T helper 17; IL, interleukin; PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cell; APC, antigen-presenting cell; DC, dendritic cell; JAK2/STAT3, Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; LPS, lipopolysaccharide.

Clin Transplant Res 2024;38:309~325 https://doi.org/10.4285/ctr.24.0058